computer internet: 2012

Thursday, 9 August 2012

The Big Word Project

The Big Word Project is a website created by Paddy Donnelly and Lee Munroe, two Masters students from the University of Ulster, Belfast,Northern Ireland. ^[2] Launched on February 25, 2008, the project is aimed at redefining the Englishdictionary with websites. Users can buy a word from a list of over 170,000 at $1 a letter and that word is then permanently linked to a URL of their choice.

In its first week, the project saw thousands of visitors and added more than 2,000 words, thanks largely to a glowing review by the popular blog Daring Fireball.^[3]^[4]But growth cooled; seven weeks after launch, the site stood at 2,345 words.^[5] However, an April 21 article inWIRED magazine^[6] renewed interest, and on May 22, the word count passed 5,000.^[7] As of 29 January 2010, the count was 7,025.^[8]

Use of the Site.

You understand that, except for information, products or services clearly identified as being supplied by www.projectalert.com, www.projectalert.comdoes not operate, control or endorse any information, products or services on the Internet in any way. Except for www.projectalert.com- identified information, products or services, all information, products and services offered through the Site or on the Internet generally are offered by third parties, that are not affiliated with www.projectalert.com a. You also understand that www.projectalert.com cannot and does not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading through the Site will be free of infection or viruses, worms, Trojan horses or other code that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. You are responsible for implementing sufficient procedures and checkpoints to satisfy your particular requirements for accuracy of data input and output, and for maintaining a means external to the Site for the reconstruction of any lost data.

YOU ASSUME TOTAL RESPONSIBILITY AND RISK FOR YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND THE INTERNET. www.projectalert.com PROVIDES THE SITE AND RELATED INFORMATION “AS IS” AND DOES NOT MAKE ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, REPRESENTATIONS OR ENDORSEMENTS WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH REGARD TO THE SERVICE, ANY MERCHANDISE INFORMATION OR SERVICE PROVIDED THROUGH THE SERVICE OR ON THE INTERNET GENERALLY, AND www.projectalert.com SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OR DAMAGE ARISING EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM ANY SUCH TRANSACTION. IT IS SOLELY YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO EVALUATE THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS AND USEFULNESS OF ALL OPINIONS, ADVICE, SERVICES, MERCHANDISE AND OTHER INFORMATION PROVIDED THROUGH THE SERVICE OR ON THE INTERNET GENERALLY. www.projectalert.com DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE SERVICE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE OR THAT DEFECTS IN THE SERVICE WILL BE CORRECTED.

YOU UNDERSTAND FURTHER THAT THE PURE NATURE OF THE INTERNET CONTAINS UNEDITED MATERIALS SOME OF WHICH ARE SEXUALLY EXPLICIT OR MAY BE OFFENSIVE TO YOU. YOUR ACCESS TO SUCH MATERIALS IS AT YOUR RISK. www.projectalert.com HAS NO CONTROL OVER AND ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SUCH MATERIALS.

Project ALERT Web Site Agreement

The www.projectalert.com Web Site (the “Site”) is an online information service provided by Project ALERT (“www.projectalert.com “), subject to your compliance with the terms and conditions set forth below. PLEASE READ THIS DOCUMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE ACCESSING OR USING THE SITE. BY ACCESSING OR USING THE SITE, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH BELOW. IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS,

YOU MAY NOT ACCESS OR USE THE SITE. www.projectalert.com MAY MODIFY THIS AGREEMENT AT ANY TIME, AND SUCH MODIFICATIONS SHALL BE EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY UPON POSTING OF THE MODIFIED AGREEMENT ON THE SITE. YOU AGREE TO REVIEW THE AGREEMENT PERIODICALLY TO BE AWARE OF SUCH MODIFICATIONS AND YOUR CONTINUED ACCESS OR USE OF THE SITE SHALL BE DEEMED YOUR CONCLUSIVE ACCEPTANCE OF THE MODIFIED AGREEMENT.

The Internet Alert Project

Abstract The Internet is an emerging venue for facilitating high-risk sexual behavior; in
particular, use of the Internet to seek out sex partners has been shown to be associated with highrisk sexual behaviors, such as an increase in number of sexual partners and an increase in anal sex,
which can increase the risk of contracting and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
including HIV. In an effort to assist health departments around the country, the Internet Alert Project
was developed to provide Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) project officers and field
staff with information about Internet-advertised,

high-risk sexual activities in areas that do not have
access to sexually explicit material on the Internet. An evaluation was conducted to determine the
utility of the Internet Alert Project, its effect on knowledge and awareness of recipients and on public
health efforts. Results of the evaluation show the alerts are a useful and valuable tool. The alerts have
helped to increase knowledge about sexually-related uses of the Internet and have also driven public
health efforts in the field. The results also indicate the need for project areas to access information found
on the Internet in order to keep up with the ever-changing behaviors of at-risk populations.
Introduction
Every year, more and more Americans use the Internet for various reasons from seeking basic
information on health care (Madden, 2003) to locating sex partners (Klausner et al., 2000).
Use of the Internet to seek out sexual relationships has been documented since the late 1990s
(Cooper, 1998), and includes various types of sexual relationships from long-term,
monogamous relationships to frequent, anonymous, one-time sex acts (Bull & McFarlane,
2000). By 2000, the Internet was recognized as a new risk environment for STD/HIV, and
those who used the Internet to seek sex partners appeared to be at higher risk for STDs than
those who did not seek sex partners on the Internet (McFarlane et al., 2000). People using the
Internet to find sex partners are very diverse and include men who have sex with men (Elford
et al., 2001; Kim et al., 2001), couples seeking other couples (Jenks, 1998), women (Kachur
et al., 2002; Leiblum, 2001) and adolescents (McFarlane et al., 2002).

Internet Security

It became clear that each host machine will need to limit the use of its storage and processing capacity to the network users. The administrative and logical methods that can be employed need to be explored.

- Elmer B. Shapiro; Computer Network Meeting of October 9-10, 1967; Minutes, November 1967.

The Internet is a large common space, accessible to everyone around the world. As in any public space, you should take appropriate precautions to protect yourself against fraudulent people and processes. The following se

ctions provide more information:

Internet Security

Internet Confidentiality & Privacy
Internet Anonymizers

How Anonymizers Work
Anonymizer Use
Anonymizer Limitations
Anonymizer Sites & Services

Internet Remailers
Internet Encryption

Key Internet Features

I've been wondering of late if that will ultimately be the greatest contribution of the net to history -- that it provides a cheap, reasonably accessible, mechanism for multi-way international communication.

- Steve Bellovin; Usenet/history/1985-1990; 10 Oct 1990.

The Internet is a unique medium with global impact, and within a relatively few number of years has become inextricably intertwined with the conduct of almost all human activity. The following sections describe the

key features of the Internet which have contributed to this world-wide success:

Key Internet Features

Geographic Distribution
Robust Architecture
Near Light Speed
Universal Access
Internet Growth Rates
The Digital Advantage
Freedom Of Speech

Key Web Features

Ease Of Use
Universal Access
Search Capabilities

Advanced Internet Use

Autonetics Division of North American Aviation, Inc., however, has announced a new microminiaturized computer in late stages of development. This unit appears to have a computing capacity almost as great as that we have proposed in 72 cu ft, but in a package of about 0.3 cu ft--and, at a comparable cost. In retrospect, the designs described in ODC-VII and -VIII are now somewhat out of date, in light of the microminiature developments of the past year.

- Paul Baran, On Distributed Communications, Volume I, 1964.

The Internet is the most complex distributed system mankind has yet invented, with a rich set of advanced features, tips, and techniques, many of which are described below:

Advanced Internet Use

Netiquette (Internet Etiquette)
- Netiquette Basics
- Netiquette Of Sending
- Netiquette Of Replying
- Netiquette Of Confidentiality
- More Netiquette Information

Internet Use

This RFC is being distributed... to make available some "hints" which will allow new network participants to understand how the direction of the Internet is set, how to acquire online information and how to be a good Internet neighbor... Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

- E. Krol, The Hitchhikers Guide to the Internet, September 1989.

The Internet can powerfully extend your ability to find,

manage, and share information. The following sections provide references to client application software, and descriptions of the main features and capabilities of each Internet application:

How To Use The Internet

How To Use The Web

Web Browsers

How The Internet Works

The current incompatibilities of the platforms and tools make it impossible to access existing information through a common interface, leading to waste of time, f

rustration and obsolete answers to simple data lookup. There is a potential large benefit from the integration of a variety of systems in a way which allows a user to follow links pointing from one piece of information to another one.

- Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau; WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project; 1990.

Internet History

The collection of people, hardware, and software - the multiaccess computer together with its local community of users -- will become a node in a geographically distributed computer network. Let us assume for a moment that such a network has been formed.

- J.C.R. Licklider, Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968.

The Internet is a large, complex information space that reflects much of the variety of our physical world. The key people, organizations, and events that shaped the development of this remarkable virtual universe are described in the following sections:

Internet History
- Internet History -- One-Page Summary
- Vannevar Bush and Memex
- Norbert Wiener Invents Cybernetics
- Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE)
- Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence (AI) Conference
- DARPA/ARPA -- Defense / Advanced Research Project Agency
- J.C.R. Licklider And The Universal Network
- Marshall McLuhan Foresees The Global Village
- Paul Baran Invents Packet Switching
- UK National Physical Laboratories (NPL) & Donald Davies
- IPTO -- Information Processing Techniques Office
- Leonard Kleinrock Helps Build The ARPANET
- Lawrence Roberts Manages The ARPANET Program
- IMP -- Interface Message Processor
- ARPANET -- The First Internet
- NCP -- Network Control Program
- Robert Kahn -- TCP/IP Co-Designer
- Vinton Cerf -- TCP/IP Co-Designer
- TCP/IP Internet Protocol
- CSNET -- Computer Science Network
- NSFNET -- National Science Foundation Network
- EUnet -- European Network
World Wide Web History